Photobiomodulation reduces the cytokine storm syndrome associated with Covid-19 in the zebrafish model
Rosa, Ivana F.; Peçanha, Ana Paula B.; Carvalho, Tábata R.B.; Alexandre, Leonardo S.; Ferreira, Vinícius G.; Doretto, Lucas B.; Souza, Beatriz M.; Nakajima, Rafael T.; da Silva, Patrick; Barbosa, Ana P.; Gomes-de-Pontes, Leticia; Bomfim, Camila G.; Machado-Santelli, Glaucia M.; Condino-Neto, Antonio; Guzzo, Cristiane R.; Peron, Jean P.S.; Andrade-Silva, Magaiver; Câmara, Niels O.S.; Garnique, Anali M.B.; Medeiros, Renata J.; Ferraris, Fausto K.; Barcellos, Leonardo J.G.; Correia-Junior, Jose D.; Galindo-Villegas, Jorge; Machado, Mônica F.R.; Castoldi, Angela; Oliveira, Susana L.; Costa, Camila C.; Belo, Marco A.A.; Galdino, Giovane; Sgro, Germán G.; Bueno, Natalia F.; Eto, Silas F.; Veras, Flávio P.; Fernandes, Bianca H.V.; Sanches, Paulo R.S.; Cilli, Eduardo M.; Malafaia, Guilherme; Nóbrega, Rafael H.; Garcez, Aguinaldo S.; Carrilho, Emanuel; Charlie-Silva, Ives
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2023Metadata
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Rosa, I. F., Peçanha, A. P. B., Carvalho, T. R. B., Alexandre, L. S., Ferreira, V. G., Doretto, L. B., Souza, B. M., Nakajima, R. T., da Silva, P., Barbosa, A. P., Gomes-de-Pontes, L., Bomfim, C. G., Machado-Santelli, G. M., Condino-Neto, A., Guzzo, C. R., Peron, J. P. S., Andrade-Silva, M., Câmara, Niels O. S., Garnique, A. M. B., ... Charlie-Silva, I. (2023). Photobiomodulation reduces the cytokine storm syndrome associated with Covid-19 in the zebrafish model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7), Article 6104. doi: 10.3390/ijms24076104Abstract
Although the exact mechanism of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not fully understood, oxidative stress and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines have been highlighted as playing a vital role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this sense, alternative treatments are needed to reduce the inflammation caused by COVID-19. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of red PBM as an attractive therapy to downregulate the cytokine storm caused by COVID-19 from a zebrafish model. RT-PCR analyses and protein-protein interaction prediction among SARS-CoV-2 and Danio rerio proteins showed that rSpike was responsible for generating systemic inflammatory processes with significantly increased pro-inflammatory (il1b, il6, tnfa, and nfkbiab), oxidative stress (romo1) and energy metabolism (slc2a1a, coa1) mRNA markers, with a pattern like those observed in COVID-19 cases in humans. On the other hand, PBM treatment decreased the mRNA levels of these pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared with rSpike in various tissues, promoting an anti-inflammatory response. Conversely, PBM promotes cellular and tissue repair of injured tissues and significantly increases the survival rate of rSpike-inoculated individuals. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the most impacted metabolic pathways between PBM and the rSpike-treated groups were related to steroid metabolism, immune system, and lipids metabolism. Together, our findings suggest that the inflammatory process is an incisive feature of COVID-19, and red PBM can be used as a novel therapeutic agent for COVID-19 by regulating the inflammatory response. Nevertheless, the need for more clinical trials remains, and there is a significant gap to overcome before clinical trials.