Effects of ballistic and maximal resistance training on throwing velocity in well-trained female handball players

Abstract

Sammendrag: Hensikten med dette studiet var å undersøke effekten av ballistisk og maksimal styrketrening på kasthastighet. Femten godt trente kvinnelige håndballspillere (18.5±1.3 år) meldte seg frivillig til å delta i studien. Et ni ukers pre- til post design ble va lgt, og deltakerne ble parvis matchet i to grupper basert på prestasjon av pretest kasthastighet: maksimal treningsgruppe (MTG, n = 7) og ballistisk treningsgruppe (BTG, n = 8). Stående og tre-skritts tilløps kasthastighet ble testet før og etter en sju ukers trenings intervensjons periode. I tillegg, ble deltakerne testet i: (1) maksimal styrke i benkpress (1RM), (2) peak power, peak hastighet, tid til peak power og tid til peak hastighet i benkkast (40% av 1RM). Det viktigste funnet i dette studiet var at kasthastighet med tre-skritts tilløp for begge gruppene fikk en signifikant nedgang fra pre- til posttest (BTG: P = 0.005, MTG: P = 0.037), mens mindre nedgang ble registrert for det stående kastet. Et annet funn i dette studiet var at MTG økte signifikant mer i 1RM benkpress prestasjon enn BTG (P = 0.005). Begge gruppene økte peak power (BTG: P = 0.009, MTG: P = 0.007) og peak hastighet (BTG: P = 0.001, MTG: P = 0.014) signifikant i benkkastet, men ingen signifikant forskjell mellom gruppene ble observert. Konklusjonen var at begge gruppene reduserte prestasjonen i kasthastighet. Resultatet fra dette studiet kan gi utrykk for at ballistisk styrketrening ikke er bedre enn maksimal styrketrening for å øke kasthastighet. Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ballistic and maximal general resistance training upon throwing velocity. Fifteen well-trained female handball players (18.5±1.3 yr) volunteered to participate in the study. A nine week pre- to post design was chosen, and subjects were matched pair-wise into two groups based on pretest throwing velocity performance: maximal training group (MTG, n = 7) and ballistic training group (BTG, n = 8). Standing and three-step run- in throwing velocity was tested before and after a seven week training intervention period. In addition, subjects were tested for: (1)maximal strength in bench press (1RM), (2) peak power, peak velocity, time to peak power and time to peak velocity in the bench throw (40% of 1RM). The major finding of this study was that the three-step run-in throwing velocity significantly decreased for both groups from pre- to posttest (BTG: P = 0.005, MTG: P = 0.037), whereas a minor decrease were found for the standing throw. Ano ther finding in this study was that MTG increased their 1RM bench press performance significantly as compared to the BTG (P = 0.005). Both groups increased their peak power (BTG: P = 0.009, MTG: P = 0.007) and peak velocity (BTG: P = 0.001, MTG: P = 0.014) significantly, but no significant difference was observed between groups. In conclusion, both groups impaired their throwing velocity performance. Results of this study may indicate that ballistic resistance training is not superior to maximal resistance training for increasing throwing velocity.