Gender differences in work rate, physiological responses and kinematics during isolated upper body poling among cross-country skiers - with a special focus on the influence of body composition and training patterns

Abstract

It has recently been shown that gender differences increase as the contribution from poling increases, indicating major differences in the capacity of the upper body between males and females. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare aerobic capacities and anaerobic performance and efficiency during isolated upper-body poling in male and female performance-matched cross-country skiers. Additionally, body composition and training distribution was measured .