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dc.contributor.authorLubna, Lubna
dc.contributor.authorAsaf, Sajjad
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Abdul Latif
dc.contributor.authorJan, Rahmatullah
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Arif
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Adil
dc.contributor.authorKim, Kyung-Min
dc.contributor.authorLee, In-Jung
dc.date.accessioned2022-07-15T09:05:54Z
dc.date.available2022-07-15T09:05:54Z
dc.date.created2021-09-28T15:37:29Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.citationLubna, Asaf, S., Khan, A. L., Jan, R., Khan, A., Khan, A., Kim, K. M., & Lee, In-J. The dynamic history of gymnosperm plastomes: Insights from structural characterization, comparative analysis, phylogenomics, and time divergence. The Plant Genome, 14(3): e20130. doi:en_US
dc.identifier.issn1940-3372
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/3005694
dc.description.abstractGymnosperms are among the most endangered groups of plant species; they include ginkgo, pines (Conifers I), cupressophytes (Conifers II), cycads, and gnetophytes. The relationships among the five extant gymnosperm groups remain equivocal. We analyzed 167 available gymnosperm plastomes and investigated their diversity and phylogeny. We found that plastome size, structure, and gene order were highly variable in the five gymnosperm groups, of which Parasitaxus usta (Vieill.) de Laub. and Macrozamia mountperriensis F.M.Bailey had the smallest and largest plastomes, respectively. The inverted repeats (IRs) of the five groups were shown to have evolved through distinctive evolutionary scenarios. The IRs have been lost in all conifers but retained in cycads and gnetophytes. A positive association between simple sequence repeat (SSR) abundance and plastome size was observed, and the SSRs with the most variation were found in Pinaceae. Furthermore, the number of repeats was negatively correlated with IR length; thus, the highest number of repeats was detected in Conifers I and II, in which the IRs had been lost. We constructed a phylogeny based on 29 shared genes from 167 plastomes. With the plastome tree and 13 calibrations, we estimated the tree height between present-day angiosperms and gymnosperms to be ∼380 million years ago (mya). The placement of Gnetales in the tree agreed with the Gnetales–other gymnosperms hypothesis. The divergence between Ginkgo and cycads was estimated as ∼284 mya; the crown age of the cycads was 251 mya. Our time-calibrated plastid-based phylogenomic tree provides a framework for comparative studies of gymnosperm evolution.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.rightsNavngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no*
dc.titleThe dynamic history of gymnosperm plastomes : Insights from structural characterization, comparative analysis, phylogenomics, and time divergenceen_US
dc.title.alternativeThe dynamic history of gymnosperm plastomes: Insights from structural characterization, comparative analysis, phylogenomics, and time divergenceen_US
dc.typePeer revieweden_US
dc.typeJournal articleen_US
dc.description.versionpublishedVersionen_US
dc.rights.holder© 2021 The Authorsen_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Planteanatomi: 491en_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Genetikk og genomikk: 474en_US
dc.subject.nsiVDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Plantefysiologi: 492en_US
dc.source.pagenumber17en_US
dc.source.volume14en_US
dc.source.journalThe Plant Genomeen_US
dc.source.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/tpg2.20130
dc.identifier.cristin1939988
dc.relation.projectKorean Government: NRF-2021M3E5E6022715en_US
dc.relation.projectNational Research Foundation of Korea: 2017R1D1A1B04035601en_US
dc.source.articlenumbere20130en_US


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